“The technology preview, as Microsoft will call the beta program, will involve ‘thousands of users’. At this point there is no plan. (to offer the beta to the general public) “.

Office 2010 Beta will be given to workers in Microsoft’s largest corporate accounts as well as run-of-the-mill consumers. It has already been confirmed that Microsoft will ship both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Office 2010 and is expected to be released during the first half of 2010.

Earlier this week we learned that Microsoft would be giving out the Office 2010 Technical Preview to select testers on an invite-only basis. In January, screenshots of the alpha (then still codenamed Office 14) were leaked a week after select testers got them. This time, testers don’t even have the Technical Preview yet, but new screenshots have already arrived (see below). Office 2010 will be available in 32-bit and 64-bit, and both flavors have been leaked.

The most important part to remember here is that this version is build 14.0.4006.1010. The build number of the official Technical Preview, which is scheduled for two months from now, is not known, so it is perfectly possible that this is not the build that testers will be getting.

Office 2010 includes Access 2010, Excel 2010, InfoPath 2010, OneNote 2010, Outlook 2010, PowerPoint 2010, Project 2010, Publisher 2010, SharePoint Designer 2010, SharePoint Workspace 2010, Visio 2010, and Word 2010.
Installation

Honestly, this really isn’t much different from the Office 2007 setup. You may note that not all the applications are here. That is because this setup is for the Professional Plus SKU. I did not bother taking screenshots of the installation for Project, SharePoint Designer, or Visio. Without further ado, here are the screenshots

As you can see, some applications have changed a lot more than others. The ribbon seems to be on every application now, which is great for consistency’s sake. The splashscreen you see for every application is actually animated, which is why the colours at the bottom will look slightly different from screenshot to screenshot. The biggest change, in my opinion, is that the no file/orb menu is no longer a menu. When you click the colored office button, you get a screen that is shown in the second screenshot for each application.

With the announcement today around the five SKUs of Office 2010, we wanted to confirm what flavors each application would be available in. Microsoft confirmed in April that Office 2010 will be available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions, the first release of Microsoft Office to do this. Microsoft was willing to build on that information today.

“Customers will not be required to upgrade 32-bit PCs and laptops to 64-bit hardware to run Office 2010 suite products,” a Microsoft spokesperson told Ars. “SharePoint Server 2010 and Project Server 2010 will be available in 64-bit versions. Customers that currently have SharePoint Server 2007 installed on 32-bit hardware will need to upgrade their hardware to 64-bit to deploy SharePoint Server 2010. Certain hardware configurations and operating system versions customers currently have deployed may require an upgrade to run server and client products.”

The most interesting part, however, was when we asked about whether or not both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Office 2010 would come on one disc. A Microsoft spokesperson told Ars: “Yes, both will be available on the same DVD.” We first pointed out that this was a possibility in May after noticing an error during the 64-bit installation of Office 2010. Today’s statement from Microsoft confirms our initial suspicions.

At this year’s Worldwide Partner Conference (WPC), Microsoft announced that Office 2010, SharePoint Server 2010, Visio 2010, and Project 2010 have reached the Technical Preview stage. As announced in May, Microsoft is giving tens of thousands of people the opportunity to test Office and Visio. All WPC attendees (cost of entry is $2,000) will receive invitations to participate in the Technical Preview program, as will hand-picked testers.

Microsoft acknowledged that the reason Office 2010 is not ready for a public release is that this release is not yet feature complete and is solely being made available to garner feedback for the engineering team.

In addition, Microsoft announced that the Web versions of its applications will be available in several flavors, including a free, ad-supported version.
Reducing complexity

One of the significant improvements that Microsoft deserves applause for is the streamlining of the number of editions from Office 2007′s eight to Office 2010′s five. The most obvious change is that OneNote is available in every single SKU. The five SKUs are as follows (Microsoft has not yet revealed pricing):
Office Home and Student: Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and OneNote
Office Home and Business: same as above, plus Outlook
Office Standard: same as above, plus Publisher (only available via volume licensing)
Office Professional: same as above, plus Access
Office Professional Plus: same as above, plus SharePoint Workspace and InfoPath (only available via volume licensing)

Testers will be getting access to the Office 2010 Professional SKU. When a recent build of Office 2010 leaked yesterday, we noted that it was curious it was referred to as “Mondo,” which signifies Ultimate, because we were told by a good source that the Ultimate SKU had been killed off. This has been confirmed today, as was the removal of the Enterprise edition and Basic edition, but it only leaves more questions about yesterday’s leak of build 14.0.4302.1000.

Embed and edit video files directly in PowerPoint 2010.

Microsoft has indicated that with the new version, picture and video editing is coming to PowerPoint, new data visualization capabilities are being added to Excel, and that co-authoring (two or more people can work on a project simultaneously and see their changes in real-time) is coming to Word, PowerPoint, and OneNote. In addition, Outlook is getting advanced e-mail management and calendaring capabilities (as well as the useful Ignore function for “Reply All” chains that was detailed in April). Finally, the company also noted easy document preparation through the new Microsoft Office Backstage view, as well as a feature called “Sparklines” in Excel for visualizing data and spotting trends more quickly. With Office 2010, the Ribbon has been added to Outlook, Publisher, and OneNote, which used the old menus in Office 2007.

With Sparklines in Excel 2010, you can take advantage of charts within a single cell.

If you don’t get into the Technical Preview, don’t worry; the public preview of Office 2010 is slated to arrive “this coming summer.” Office 2010 is the first release of the productivity suite that will come in 32-bit and 64-bit flavors (possibly on one DVD). Microsoft is aiming to release Office 2010 in the first half of 2010. If you’re interested in learning more, we recommend checking out the Office 2010 website as it has good video footage explaining what’s coming.
Office Web Applications

The most ambitious goal Microsoft is striving for with Office 2010 is making it available via a familiar experience across the PC, phone, and browser. As such, there will be Office Web Applications (browser versions of Word, PowerPoint, Excel and OneNote), which were announced in October 2008 at PDC, in both free and pay-for versions. Microsoft is planning on supporting Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Safari. They will be powered by Silverlight, though it is not yet known to what extent.

Unfortunately, today’s Technical Preview does not include access to the Web Office applications; testers will get access to those in August.

Editing a file in the Word Web application.

Microsoft today announced that the applications will be available in three ways: at no cost but with ads through Windows Live, on-premises for all Office volume licensing customers, and via Microsoft Online Services where customers will be able to purchase a subscription as part of a hosted offering. The Office Web Applications will be only part of the Professional Plus and Office Standard SKUs. Nevertheless, it appears that all consumers will have access to the free version via Windows Live.

The sleeping software giant has woken up. Microsoft is no longer dismissing Google Docs. Its response is a free version of Office, easily one of the biggest cash cows the company has. We’re reserving judgment until we see the final version, but it is promising to know that such a traditional software company is responding to the “threat of the cloud” to its core business by embracing it

The web has been abuzz the past few weeks with chatter about Microsoft’s announcement today at its Worldwide Partner Conference in New Orleans about the new version of Microsoft Office 2010. There’s even a mini-movie about its debut. Facing potential challenges from Google’s browser-based Apps products and its new Chrome OS, Microsoft has been touting its three screens strategy, which is the ability for products to synchronize across the phone, browser, and desktop, for some time now.

With the release of Office 2010, SharePoint Server 2010 and Visio 2010, we finally see the implementation of Microsoft Chief Software Architect Ray Ozzie’s mantra. We had the opportunity to see an in-depth demo of the new suite of products from Microsoft’s Group Product Manager for Office 2010, Chris Bryant. Here’s a complete breakdown of all the functionality that has been added, including screenshots:

The Move To The Browser

Most certainly a direct response to Google Apps, Microsoft is rolling out lightweight, FREE, Web browser versions of Word, PowerPoint, Excel and OneNote. All based in the cloud, the web-based versions of these products have fewer features than their desktop cousins but still give users basic tools to edit and change documents.

PowerPoint 2010

PowerPoint has been upgraded not only with a new browser version, but also a slew of bells and whistles have been added to the desktop version. Users now have the capability of editing video and images within PowerPoint with a basic video editing tool (not so different from the capabilities of iMovie) and an image editing tool, which is like a basic, simple version of Adobe Photoshop. Microsoft has also added the ability for users to launch a WebEx-like live sharing feature with other users. So if you create a slideshow in PowerPoint, you can share it with other people in real-time (which can be run on top of Sharepoint).

Here’s what the video editing tools look like in PowerPoint:

To share a deck with other users, you send an email to individuals with a link. Once they click the link, they will see the slideshow within the browser. This feature can also be used on a mobile phone’s browser. You can also create a slideshow in the desktop version and then publish it to the web version to access it via the browser. The browser version of PowerPoint doesn’t include the video editing features, but most of the functionality of 2008 is included in the browser version.

Excel 2010

Excel spreadsheets can now run in the browser, and similar to PowerPoint, spreadsheets can be published to the browser via the desktop version. The browser version of Excel has limited features, but offers more in-depth functionality than Google Spreadsheets. Microsoft has added a particularly innovative feature called Sparklines, which gives a visual snapshot image of a data trend over time within a cell. You can also share Excel via the browser with other users and set special permissions on who can access the document.

Here’s what the web version of Excel looks like:

Word 2010

Bryant says that the number one piece of feedback from users producing documents on Microsoft Word is that they want to preserve the look and feel of a document created in the desktop version in the browser. Microsoft calls this “document fidelity” and created the browser version of MS Word accordingly. In the browser, documents retain the same look and feel as in the desktop. The browser version still has the “ribbon user interface,” where you can change fonts, size, formatting, styles etc.

An image of the web version of Word:

Microsoft has also updated the desktop version to have collaborative features so that multiple users can be editing a document at once. This collaboration is not available in the web version, unfortunately. Microsoft says that users don’t want this feature but this might be a move to protect the Office revenue model.

When two people are editing the same document (in the desktop version) at the same time, Word will notify each user when there are changes that need to be synced with their document. The copy/paste function of the desktop version has also received an upgrade, where you can see see a live preview for the paste function. The paste function also has an advanced option to create and insert screenshots. To make moving around a long document easier, Word now has a visual navigation pane and section header breakdown which makes it easy to jump around different sections of a document.

Outlook 2010

Outlook 2010 now has a ribbon user interface, like Word, PowerPoint and Excel. The UI of email conversations has been upgraded to look almost like a message tree, allowing users a more visual view of sent and incoming emails. Search functionality has been improved as well, making it much easier to find content. Also, you can preview calendars in emails and choose to ignore selective email conversations.

Sharepoint 2010

Like Outlook, Sharepoint now gets a ribbon UI, making the document-hosting product more similar to Microsoft’s flagship products, like Word. You can tag authors of documents now and can share documents and files more easily.

Microsoft says that its browser versions have been tested on all major browsers aside from internet Explorer, including Firefox and Safari. Office 2010 is still being tested and reworked to function on Chrome. Microsoft also announced that it is streamlining the number of Office editions from eight to five. Office Web applications will be available in three ways: through Windows Live, where consumers will have access to Office Web applications at no cost; via on-premises versions; and via Microsoft Online Services, where customers will be able to purchase a subscription of MS Office. Microsoft says Office 2010 will be available in the first half of next year.

The key part of all of this news is the free, browser-based versions of Microsoft’s most popular Office products. Bryant says that Microsoft expects the browser products to be especially popular amongst student, but I think that the web-based applications will be hugely popular in the enterprise space as well, as long as there are security precautions taken to put documents in a secure part of the cloud.

But as more and more businesses are becoming comfortable with trusting cloud environments, Microsoft’s move to the browser could pay off in a big way, especially because it’s so easy to use both the desktop and browser versions of products interchangeably. The more successful Microsoft is in its browser strategy, the more they validate Google’s approach in the space, which will eventually put price pressure on Office.

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How To Copy A Dvd Which Will Play On A X Box
How to copy songs from your iPod to your PC
How To Customise Your start Button
How To Delete Those Persistent Nasty Files
How To Disable Picture And Fax Viewer
How to do a high Quality DivX rip
How To Download Bittorrent Files
How To Download Directly From Crackdb.com
How To Download Movies, From IRC
How to Download-Upload Files from email
how to edit right click menu.rtf
how to execute chm files in linux
How to Extend the life of the yousendit download links
How to find a remote IP
How To Find Ftp’s The Easy Way’
How to find MP3′s real quickly
How To Find Serial Numbers On Google
How to fix corrupted files in XP
How to fix Windows Installer problem
How To Get A Free I-pod Or Flat Screen Tv, check it out
HOW TO GET ANY WINDOWS PASSWORD
How to Get someones ISP password, Get free internet
How To Get Top Ranking, Search Engines
How To Hack Windows Xp Admin Passwords
How to hack-change your Windows XP Boot Screen
How To Increase Download Speeds By 100-200 Kbsec
How to Install and run Windows CE on your USB Stick
How To Make A Kvcd
how to make a new web site
How To Make A Transparent Background, .fla .swf
how to make a VCD from a DivX
How To Make An Animted Logo
How To Make Free Phone Calls
How to make key generators
How To Make Perfect Copies Of Maxis The Sims Discs, CloneCD Style!
How To Make XP Go Faster
How To make your own Radio Station 2
How To Make Your Own Radio Station
How To Make Your Own Radiostation
HOW TO MANUAL – THE END OF DELETERS
How to modify exe files
How To Move Xp Harddrive To New Motherboard
How To optimize DSL-CABLE connection speed
How To Play Movies (divx Etc) With Subs
How to recover MOST of scratched CD data discs
How to Remove DRM Protection for Video Files
How To Remove Ms Java Vm And Install Sun Java
How To Remove Signin Details Of Msn Passport
How To Remove The Default Admin$ Shares
How to remove the Links folder in IE Favorites
How to Remove WinXP Splash and See Operations
How To Rename Extensions With Ease, with a Renamer.bat file!
How to Rename File Extensions
How To Rename Multiple Files In Winxp
How To Restrict Login Hours Allowed
How to safeguard your files when computer crashes
How to save Windows xp updates
how to search google for RAPIDSHARE links
How To See Hidden Files, Using Dos
How To Set search For All Files In Winxp
How to set up a http server running from you computer
How To Set Up A Proxy In Flashget, As Requested
How to set up a server with Apache , PHP , MySQL , Perl , phpMyAdmin
How To Set Up Direct Connect
HOW TO SET UP FTP SERVER
How To Set Up Proxies In Your Browser
How To Set Zone Alarm Settings!, Fix for ZA ports
How To Setup Your Own Dns (Domain Name Server)
How To Speed Up A Slow Computer
How To Speed Up Http Requests On Internet Explorer, as above
How To Stop Spam
How to swear in all languages
How To Unload Cached Dll Files To Free Memory
How to Use and How to Chain Multiple Proxies!
How To Use File Compression In Windows Xp
How To Use Google To Download Mp3′s, and applications….
How To Use Newsgroups
How To Use You Gmail With Msn Messenger
HOWTO Change Windows XP Home to Windows XP Pro
Important Faqs For Sp2
Improve Doom 3′s Performances!!, simple but efficient trick for every1
Improve your dialup modem preformance
Increase XP Folder Settings
Insert Your Serial For Office 2k, auto install office
Install A New Hard-disk
Install Xp From Dos
Installing Apache on Windows
Installing Gentoo Linux, Amazing step by step tutoria
Installing IIS On Windows Xp Pro
Installing Slackware Linux
Instructions For Removal Of Advertising In Msn Messenger
Ip Address Structure, Expilinatin OF IP Address {A short way}
Irc How To Downlaod From, How to downlaod from IRC
Irc Servers On nix, For people who want to start own IRC net
Keep Files Private
Keep Folders Hidden
Keyboard Shortcuts Result in Excel 2000 – Movement
Keyboard Shortcuts, Microsoft Word
Keyboard Shortcuts, must read
Kill Microsoft Instant Messenger
Lamination Tips, Its a Fast TUT…..
Leet Way To Get Your Ip In Windows Xp
Linking Your Xbox To Your Computer
Linux Howto’s
List Of Sites Not To Go To
Little help for anonymous mailer
Lots Of Windows Xp Tips, Take A Look !
Lyrics With Google
Make A Autorun File For Ur Cd
Make A Batch File To Clean UR PC!!, All In One!!
Make A Roughly 16 Hour Video Dvd
Make Acrobat Reader 6 load faster
Make Mp3 Files Smaller Without Losing Quality
Make Your Own Ringtones For Mobile Phone, also logos, wallpaper, etc
Make Your Pc Faster, Guaranteed
MakeXPgoFaster
making a .cue file, in notepad
Making A Executable Server
Making Bootable Floppy Disk to Boot into Windows
Making Cd Version Of Doom3 Into Dvd Version
Making Web Page Fonts Consistent and Uniform
Manage Saved Ie Passwords
Mastering The Windows XP Registry
Maximize Dial-up Modem Settings
Microsoft’s Really Hidden Files, Reveled Hidden files
mIRC Not Just Another Chat Client, Download Anything You Want Almost
mIRCcommands
Misc Linux Tips & Tricks
Missing Administrator Account
Mobile Secret Codes
Modify .exe Files And Crack A Program
A beginners guide to Hacking UNIX

A Cracking Tutorial
A Guide to Internet Security- Becoming an Uebercracker
A Guide to the Easiest Hacking there is
A List Of Some OF The Most Useful UNIX Hacking Commands
A Small Guide to Hacking HOTMAIL
A UNIX Hacking Tutorial
Almost Everything You Ever Wanted To Know About Security (but
An Indepth Guide in Hacking UNIX and the concept of Basic Net
An Introduction to Denial of Service
An Introduction to the Computer Underground
Basic Networking
BBS Crashing Techniques
BRUTE- A brute force approach to hacking Unix passwords
Closing the Net
Compression and Cracks for Dummies
Computer Bulliten Boards and the Law
Computer Chrime – Current Practices, Problems and Proposed So
Computer eMail and Privacy
Computer Hackers News Articles
Computer Rights vs First and Forth Amentment Right
Computer Security
Computer Security_2
Computer Viruii
Computerized Governmental Database Systems Containing Persona
COPS and Robbers-Unix System Security
Copyright Guides for Photographers
Crash Course in X Windows Security
Crime and Puzzlement
Cultural Formations in Text-Based Virtual Realties
Cyberspace and the Legal Matrix- Laws or Confusion
Dark Angel’s Phunky Virus Writing Guide
Defamation Liability of Computerized Bulliten Board Operators
Dept of Treasury Letter
Electronic Bulliten Boards and ‘Public Goods’ Explainations o
Electropolos – Communication and Comunity on IRC
Ethload User’s Guide
Formulating A Company Policy on Access to and Use and Disclos
Free Speech in Cyberspace
Gender Issues in Online Communications
Government Computer Security Techniques
HACKDICT
Hacker Test
Hackers A-Z
Hackers Who Break into Computer Systems
Hacking Bank Of America’s Home Banking System
Hacking Compuserve Infomation Service
Hacking Faq
Hacking GTE Telemail
Hacking IRC – The Definitive Guide
Hacking PC-Pursuit Codes
Hacking Techniques
Hacking TRW
Hacking TYMNET
Hacking Unix System V’s
Hacking Wal-Mart Computers
Hacking Webpages
How the Traditional Media Clasifications Fail to Protect in t
How to crash AOL
How to dial out of a UNIX System
How to find Security Holes
How to get a Shell in 24 hours
How to Hack UNIX System V
How to login to a C.B.I. System
How to send ICQ Bombs
Information of Hacking AngelFire Websites
Introduction to Denail of Service
IP addressing, and gaining IP’s
IP Addressing
ISSN Numbers- An Introduction
Junk Mail- How Did They All Get My Address
NFS Tracing
Nightline- FBI,Privacy,and Proposed Wire-Tapping Legislation
NY_2′S Guide to Obtaining An IP Address.
Organizational Analysis in Computer Science
PGP Startup Guide
Presumed Guilty
Raising Hell with Unix
Remarks of the President and Vice President to Silicon Valley
RIGGSB~1
RIGGS_~1
RIGHTS~1
RIVERA
Security holes
Seisure Warrent Documents for Ripco BBS
Site Security Handbook
SJ-DEC~1
SJ-RESP
SMTP-Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Summary of FBI Computer Systems
SUNDEVIL
SUPREM~1
TCP packet fragment attacks against firewalls and filters
Telenet-The Secret Exposed
The Basics of Hacking- Introduction
The Baudy World of the Byte Bandit-A Postmodernist Interpreta
The Constitution in Cyberspace
The Cracking Manual
The Electronic Communication Privacy Act of 1986 – A Laymans
The Greatest Hacker of all time.ASC
The Hacker’s League
The Inner Circle Book’s Hacking Techniques
The Lamahs-Guide to Pirating Software on the Internet
The M.M.C. Guide to Hacking, Phreaking, Carding
The National Information Infrastructure-Agenda for Action
The Newbies Handbook- ‘ How to beging in the World of Hacking
The Newbies-User’s Guide to Hacking
The Pre-History of Cyberspace
The Price of Copyright Violation
The REAL way to hack RemoteAccess
The Secret Service, UUCP,and The Legion of Doom
the UNIX operating system (Berkley 4.2)
Theft of Computer Software-A National Security Threat
Thoughts on the National Research and Education Network
Tips on Starting Your Own BBS.1
undocumented DOS commands
UNIX Computer Security Checklist.0
UNIX Use and Security – By the Prophet
UNIX Use and Security From The Ground Up
UNIX- A Hacking Tutorial.SIR
Viruii FAQ
Virus-Trojan FAQ
What Files are Legal for Distribution on a BBS
What To Look For In A Code Hacking Program
What To Look For In A Code Hacking Program
What You Should Know About Computer Viruses.DNA
More Xp Tips and tricks make your computer more faster
Moving and Removing the Start Button
Msn Messenger & Gmail
My Flash Bookmarks, long list of tutorials
Myth about WPA ( How it is done ), Windows Product Activation Technique
Nero How To Verify The Validity Of The Sn U Use
A Basic UNIX Overview.rtf
A BEGINNERS GUIDE TO Hacking Unix
A Novice’s Guide to Hacking 2004
A Novice’s Guide To Hacking
A Short HACKER SPEAK Glossary
A simple TCP spoofing attack
Accessing the bindery files directly
An Architectural Overview of UNIX Network Security
Anonymity complete GUIDE.rtf
ANONYMOUS emails
Anonymous FTP FAQ
ANSIBombs II Tips And Techniques
attacks on networks how to stop
Backdoor
Backdoors
BBS CRASHING TECHNIQUES
Bust Avoidance For Dipshits
Firewall Protection how to.rtf
Guide to Hacking with sub7
hacking and phreaking
Hacking for Dummies Volume 2
Hacking For Newbies
hacking in telnet ftp.rtf
hacking on Telnet explained
Hacking On XP
hacking password protected site
Hacking Password Protected Website’s
hacking passwords
How to learn to hack in easy steps
How to use the Web to look up information on hacking
IP how to.rtf
NetBios explained
Proxy how to.rtf
Routing Basics.pdf
telnet trick port 25
Yahoo Chat Commands how to.rtf
New Pc Or New Motherboard
New Way To Relive Some Zinio File
news groups the how to do
Nice list of windows shortcuts
No Text Icons
Ntfs Cluster Size, better harddrive performance
Official Unattended Xp Cd Guide Xp Sp2 @ Msfn.org
Open Windows Explorer To A Different Default Direc
Optimize Broadband & Dsl Connections
Optimize Emule Connection
Outpost Rules, Outpost rules for system & app
Outsmarting System File Protection
Overclocking_Tutorial
Packet Attacks – Version 1.1, { Packet_Attack_Exlained}
Part 0 Dc++
Part 1 Bittorrents
Part 2 Irc (mirc)
Part 3 Ftp
Partitioning Your Harddisk With Fdisk
Pc File Extention Listing
Pc Maintenance Guide
Peer2mail Tutorial
Performance Increase Through My Computer
Phreaking\2600 Hertz Single Tone Generator Schematic
Phreaking\A List of every TeleNet code that there is
Phreaking\A List Of Government BBS Numbers
Phreaking\An Extensive Guide to Bell System Man Holes
Phreaking\An Introduction into TeleScan
Phreaking\An Introductory Guide To TeleNet Commands
Phreaking\Area Codes and Time Zones
Phreaking\Becoming A Phreaker – The Quick n’ Easy Way
Phreaking\Bell Hell Volume #1
Phreaking\Bell Hell Volume #2
Phreaking\Breaker B0X
Phreaking\busybox
Phreaking\Cellular Listening with a TV
Phreaking\Cellular Telephone Phreaking Phile Series VOL 1
Phreaking\Drake’s Phreaking Tutorial
Phreaking\Hacking VoiceMail Systems
Phreaking\How BT phone cards works
Phreaking\How Phone Phreaks are Caught
Phreaking\How to Bill All Of your Fone Calls To Some Poor, Unsuspecting
Phreaking\How to make a Free Phone Call
Phreaking\How to Put an End to Unwanted or Harassing Phone Calls.HAR
Phreaking\Phone Systems Tutorial by The Jolly Roger
Phreaking\Phreakers Handbook
Phreaking\Quick Phone Modifications
Phreaking\The ABC’s of Payphones part 1
Phreaking\The ABC’s of Payphones part 2
Phreaking\The ABC’s of Payphones part 3
Phreaking\The ABC’s of Payphones part 4
Phreaking\ThE Beige BoX
Phreaking\The History of British Phreaking
Phreaking\The M.M.C. Guide to Hacking, Phreaking, Carding
Phreaking\The Moterola Bible
Phreaking\The Myth of the 2600Hz Detector
Phreaking\The Official Phreaker’s Manual
Phreaking\The Phreakers Handbook-1
Phreaking\The Telephone Works
Phreaking\The Ultimate Phreaking Guide
Phreaking\Understanding the Telephone System
Phreaking\Zen and the Art of Fone Phreaking `97
Play Games On PS2 Without ModChip
Play On A Bnet Emulator, and f off cd key check =)
Port Numbers
Problem With Internet Navigation, Clean Host File
Quick Fix For Spyware, Try This Before Doing Surgery on Your OS
Quick Msc
Quick Shutdown for XP, How to create a shutdown shortcut.
Quickly Start The Shared Folder Wizard
Rapidshare hack!!!!! Free premium acount for all
Rapidshare Hacked, unlimited upload, no countdown
Rapidshare Timelimit
Read This! Av Compare!
Recover A Corrupted System File
Recover a Quick erased CD RW
Reformat&Reinstall
Regedit.exe & Regedt32.exe, Whats the difference
Registry Disassembled a basic tutorial
Reinstall Internet Explorer 6
Release Codes, Read, and Learn…
Remote Desktop Through Company Firewall
Remote Shutdown
Remove Linux From Your Pc Safely, …and restoring your MBR
Remove Msn Messenger From Xp, several ways..
Removing Banners From Free Webhosts
Removing Norton Anti-virus 2004, How to remove the Registry Enteries
Rename ‘recycle Bin’ To Whatever You Want
Reregister All .dll Files Within Registry
Reset your lost Bios Password
Restore JPG,JPEG,JPE Default File associations, Win XP Tweak
REVERSE CODING
Running A Board forum From Your Own Pc
Safely Editing the Registry…
Save Your Desktop Icon Settings
Saving and loading Photoshop actions
Scheduled Tasks – Defrag, how to set up scheduled defrags
ScreenLock Professional v2.0.41
SEARCH eBOOK in FTP SEARCH ENGINE
Search For Ebook Server With Google.com
Search like a real warez d00dz, for warez of course!
Searching For Something To Download, This may help
Secret Backdoor To Many Websites
Secrets Of Lock Picking
Securing WinXP Pro (with what win-xp has to offer
Securing your WINDOWS XP computer
Set Google as your Default Search in IE
Set Win Explorer to open the folder you want!, Little trick
sidebar fix
Simple Tweaks For Peak Pc Graphics Performance
Single Click Shutdown
Single-click To Open An Item…, IF the Folder Options is grayed out
Slow Loggon Time, one fix for problem
Slow Opening Of File Dialogs
Some Cool Site For Tutorials
Some Google Tricks, again
Some More Tips To Improve Your Winxp
Sp2 For Xp Slipstream, Integrate SP2 into your XP CD
Sp2 Tweaks
Speed Up Internet
Speed up menu display
Speed up Mozilla FireFox
Speed Up Your Bandwidth By 20% !, Windows uses 20% of your bandwidth
Speeding up menus in XP
Speeding up your internet connection under Linux and Windows
Spoofing emails, via telenet
Standard ASCII Character Set
Steps to Clean Install XP
Stop A Restart Process In 3steps
Stop Annoying Pop-ups Without Pop-up Blockersoutli
System Changes To Foil Hackers And Browser Hijacke
System File Checker For Windows Xp
Tcpip A Mammoth Description, Short and easy-Everything U want to know
The Antivirus Defense-in-Depth Guide
The difference between DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD+RW and DVD-RW
The Modern Phreakers Guide To Beige Boxing
The Modern Phreakers Guide To Payphones
The Port Guide, Port number and info
The Ultimate Guide To Installing Windows Xp Sp2
Three Ways Of Bypass Starforce Cd Protection
Tip for shutdown windows – virus
Tips And Tricks, Windows XP
Tired Of Reinstalling Windows
To Get And Show The Ip Via Javascript
Top 5 Myths About Safe Surfing, PC Magazine
Transferring Data
Translating Binary To Text
Translating Binary to Text2
Trojan Ports
Turn MSN Messenger Display Pix into User Pix on XP
Turn Off Unneeded Services, speed up pc
Tutorial Get the serial number you need
Tutorial How to create a bootable Windows XP SP1 CD (Nero)
Tutorials – coding\Base Number Systems
Tutorials – coding\Basics of am 3mp33j3w
Tutorials – coding\Batch File Programming
Tutorials – coding\BOOLEAN LOGIC GATES
Tutorials – coding\C++ Tutorial By Clayman
Tutorials – coding\Creating A Simple Hit Counter In PHP
Tutorials – coding\Creating A Simple Search Engine In PHP
Tutorials – coding\Creating Truly Skinnable Web Sites
Tutorials – coding\Escape Quotes In Perl Shell
Tutorials – coding\Flat databases in Perl
Tutorials – coding\Introduction to Buffer Overflow
Tutorials – coding\Introduction to Perl.zip
Tutorials – coding\IRC Bot In Perl
Tutorials – coding\pascal
Tutorials – coding\Python for Newbies
Tutorials – coding\Sk00l m3 ASM!!#@$!@#
Tutorials – coding\The Boot Sector
Tutorials – coding\The C Programming Language Torn Apart
Tutorials – coding\The Perl Weekly Journal 1st edition
Tutorials – coding\The Perl Weekly Journal 2nd edition
Tutorials – coding\The Perl Weekly Journal 3rd edition
Tutorials – coding\The Perl Weekly Journal 4th edition
Tutorials – coding\Using Databases In PHP
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\circbullet.gif
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\framesdemo
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\imagemap1.gif
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\jussmall.gif
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\leftframe
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\lesson1
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\lesson10
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\lesson11
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\lesson2
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\lesson3
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\lesson4
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\lesson5
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\lesson6
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\lesson7
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\lesson8
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\lesson9
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\main3
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\nextlesson.gif
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\rightframe
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\summary
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial\tutorials
Tutorials – coding\Win32 Multithreading and Synchronization
Tutorials – coding\WINDOWS INTERNET PROGRAMMING PART 3
Tutorials – coding\WINDOWS INTERNET PROGRAMMING part1
Tutorials – coding\WINDOWS INTERNET PROGRAMMING {part 2}
Tutorials – coding\Windows Programming Tutorial\winprog
Tutorials – encrypt\algorithms
Tutorials – encrypt\base64
Tutorials – encrypt\desbreak.zip
Tutorials – encrypt\encryption
Tutorials – encrypt\encryption_auth
Tutorials – encrypt\passwd
Tutorials – encrypt\passwd2
Tutorials – encrypt\pgp
Tutorials – encrypt\quantum\Axes.jpg
Tutorials – encrypt\quantum\CrptoProcess.jpg
Tutorials – encrypt\quantum\Electro.jpg
Tutorials – encrypt\quantum\NormalCrypto.jpg
Tutorials – encrypt\quantum\NormalCryptoS.jpg
Tutorials – encrypt\quantum\Phase.jpg
Tutorials – encrypt\quantum\QuantumCrypto.jpg
Tutorials – encrypt\quantum\QuantumCryptoS.jpg
Tutorials – encrypt\quantum\quantum_cryptography
Tutorials – encrypt\quantum.zip
Tutorials – encrypt\rsa
Tutorials – encrypt\ssl
Tutorials – encrypt\ssltun
Tutorials – hardware\buildcomp
Tutorials – hardware\cdrom
Tutorials – hardware\harddrive
Tutorials – hardware\hardware
Tutorials – hardware\memory
Tutorials – hardware\overclocking
Tutorials – hardware\PC_Hardware
Tutorials – history\hod
Tutorials – humor\flame
Tutorials – humor\hackattack
Tutorials – humor\jokerrap
Tutorials – irc\eggdrops
Tutorials – irc\fserv
Tutorials – irc\ircwar
Tutorials – cpplecture
Tutorials – hacker
Tutorials – informatic
Tutorials – irc2
Tutorials – linuxnetworking
Tutorials – LKMlecture
Tutorials – mirclecture
Tutorials – ntsec
Tutorials – perlfilterlecture
Tutorials – Perllecture
Tutorials – phpl
Tutorials – sqllecture
Tutorials – traceroute
Tutorials – vpnlecture
Tutorials – wardriving
Tutorials – local\recover
Tutorials – local\standsec
Tutorials – misc\beinghacker
Tutorials – misc\ezine
Tutorials – misc\kiddies
Tutorials – misc\search2
Tutorials – misc\social
Tutorials – net\adblock
Tutorials – net\advisory01
Tutorials – net\ankitgeo
Tutorials – net\ankit_smtp
Tutorials – net\cable
Tutorials – net\cable
Tutorials – net\caching
Tutorials – net\close
Tutorials – net\Default Passwords
Tutorials – net\Exploiting Cisco Systems
Tutorials – net\Exploiting File and Print Sharing
Tutorials – net\Exploits Explained II The #2,000 bug
Tutorials – net\firewalls_torn
Tutorials – net\ftp
Tutorials – net\Hacking CGI – Security and Exploitation
Tutorials – net\http
Tutorials – net\icq
Tutorials – net\info
Tutorials – net\inputval
Tutorials – net\Internetarch
Tutorials – net\INTRODUCTION TO DENIAL OF SERVICE
Tutorials – net\IP and port Info using Netstat
Tutorials – net\ip
Tutorials – net\kerberos
Tutorials – net\lecture1
Tutorials – net\Mail Bombing and List Linking
Tutorials – net\MailMachine flaws
Tutorials – net\masquerading
Tutorials – net\mlist
Tutorials – net\net_toolz
Tutorials – net\osmod1.02
Tutorials – net\pop3
Tutorials – net\proxy
Tutorials – net\rmhacking
Tutorials – net\sendmail
Tutorials – net\sendmail2
Tutorials – net\sigscr101
Tutorials – net\tcpip
Tutorials – net\trojans
Tutorials – net\unixvirii
Tutorials – net\usenet
Tutorials – novell\Novell Hacking for Complete Newbies
Tutorials – novell\Novell Netware – Cracking Netware
Tutorials – tools\How to use the Fast Zip Cracker (FZC)
Tutorials – unix\2038-time-bug
Tutorials – unix\etc
Tutorials – unix\linux
Tutorials – unix\linuxgames
Tutorials – unix\linuxhdtweak
Tutorials – unix\linuxnet
Tutorials – unix\shell
Tutorials – unix\slackcs
Tutorials – unix\tcpwrappers
Tutorials – unix\unixsec
Tutorials – unix\winmodem
Tutorials – win\debug
Tutorials – win\foolproof
Tutorials – win\foolproof2
Tutorials – win\ipc
Tutorials – win\reg
Tutorials – win\registry
Tutorials – win\win2kinstall
Tutorials – win\windos9x.zip
Tutorials – win\windows
Tutorials – win\winerror
Tutorials – win\winsecret
Tutorials – win\winsecurity2
Ultimate Google Way
ULTIMATE GUIDE TO BYPASS BIOS PASSWORDS!
Uninstall Windows Xp And Return To My Old Windows
Uninstalling Norton 2004 Products
Unlimited Rapidshare Downloads
Untold Window Tips
Untold Windows Secrets
Untold Windows Tips
Unused space on hard drives recovered
Use Hotkeys To Switch Programs
Useful Download Guide, Fix Down, 0daycn Ttdown, Links
User’s Guide To Avoiding Virus Infections, Keeping an eye out for viruses
Using Google As A Calculator, A Tutorial
Using Google for searching ebooks
Using Rapid Share, How to use them and skip the BS
Video Avatars
Viewing Leftover Driver Entries
Virtual Memory Information
Virtual Memory Optimization Guide Rev. 4.0 – Final
Want To Download Torrent File By Using Google
Warez Definations
WAREZ DEFINITION
Way To Download From Brturbo, FireFox
We Don’t Need No Education, Online classes made easy
king’s meaning’s of how to kick some-one’s ASS!
What is the Registry
What Should I Do With Image Files
What You Wanted To Know About Movie Jargon, But Were Afraid To Ask
When Good Discs Go Bad
Where Is Winipcfg In Winxp
Who’s Seeding The Net With Spyware
Why wait 35 Seconds at eZshare
Win 2000 Dr. Watsson
Windows 2000 Tips & Tricks
Windows 2003 System Restore, How to activate system restore in W2K3
Windows Scan Count Down Time
Windows Shortcuts
WINDOWS TRUE HIDDEN FILES
Windows Tweak, Hack Your Start Button
Windows Xp – Speed Up Your Network and Internet Access
WINDOWS XP HIDDEN APPS
Windows XP Registry Tweaks
Windows XP Startup and Performance Tweaks
Windows Xp Tips ‘n’ Tricks
Windows Xp Tweaks, A work in progress
Windows XP Tweaks
WinRar Tutorial – Compression profiles, passwords and more
Winsock 2 Repair
WinXP 3 Tips
Winxp Application Defrag, faster access for used programs
Winxp Applications Startup Time, Decrease your Applications startup time
WinXP Bootable CD
Winxp System Response, reboot whitout rebooting
Winxp Tips And Tricks, Winsock 2 repair
Xp Auto Install
XP REPAIR INSTALL
XP Tweaking
Yahoo + geocities Posts
Yahoo Messeger, no ad’s
You Want Lots Of Music, Appz, Anything, Try Dex Hunting
Your Home Page Nevr Being Changed
Your Own Home Server – Introduction
[PHP] Navigations
Information
Tutorials – coding\ HTML tutorial
Tutorials – coding\Windows Programming Tutorial
Tutorials – encrypt\quantum
Anarchist Cookbook 2004
Anarchist Cookbook 2004\Additions
A Cracking Tutorial
Hacking On XP 1-5
Tutorials – coding
Tutorials – encrypt
Tutorials – hardware
Tutorials – history
Tutorials – humor
Tutorials – irc
Tutorials – lecture
Tutorials – local
Tutorials – misc
Tutorials – net
Tutorials – novell
Tutorials – tools
Tutorials – unix
Tutorials – win
200 Hacking Tutorials
Anarchist Cookbook 2004
More Hacking
New Hacking Ebooks
Phreaking
Tutorials – blacksun.box.sk
1000 Hacker Tutorials 2008

Anarchist Cookbook hacking tutorials

001: Counterfeiting Money
002: Credit Card Fraud
003: Making Plastic Explosives from Bleach
004: Picking Master Locks
005: The Arts of Lockpicking I
006: The Arts of Lockpicking II
007: Solidox Bombs
008: High Tech Revenge: The Beigebox (NEW Revision 4.14)
009: CO2 Bombs
010: Thermite Bombs (NEW Rivision, 4.14)
011: Touch Explosives
012: Letter Bombs
013: Paint Bombs
014: Ways to send a car to HELL
015: Do ya hate school? (NEW Revision, 4.14)
016: Phone related vandalism
017: Highway police radar jamming
018: Smoke Bombs
019: Mail Box Bombs
020: Hotwiring cars
021: Napalm
022: Fertilizer Bomb
023: Tennis Ball Bomb
024: Diskette Bombs
025: Unlisted Phone Numbers (NEW Revision, 4.14)
026: Fuses
027: How to make Potassium Nitrate
028: Exploding Lightbulbs
029: Under water igniters
030: Home-brew blast cannon
031: Chemical Equivalency List
032: Phone Taps
033: Landmines
034: A different kind of Molitov Cocktail
035: Phone Systems Tutorial I
036: Phone Systems Tutorial II
037: Basic Alliance Teleconferencing
038: Aqua Box Plans
039: Hindenberg Bomb
040: How to Kill Someone with your Bare Hands
041: Phone Systems Tutorial III
042: Black Box Plans
043: The Blotto Box
044: Blowgun
045: Brown Box Plans
046: Calcium Carbide Bomb
047: More Ways to Send a Car to Hell
048: Ripping off Change Machines (NEW Revision, 4.14)
049: Clear Box Plans
050: CNA Number Listing
051: Electronic Terrorism
052: How to Start a Conference w/o 2600hz or M-F
053: Dynamite
054: Auto Exhaust Flame Thower
055: How to Break into BBS Express
056: Firebomb
057: Fuse Bomb
058: Generic Bomb
059: Green Box Plans
060: Portable Grenade Launcher
061: Basic Hacking Tutorial I
062: Basic Hacking Tutorial II
063: Hacking DEC’s
064: Harmless Bombs
065: Breaking into Houses (NEW Revision, 4.14)
066: Hypnotism
067: Remote Informer Issue #1
068: Jackpotting ATM Machines
069: Jug Bomb
070: Fun at K-Mart
071: Mace Substitute
072: How to Grow Marijuana
073: Match Head Bomb
074: Terrorizing McDonalds
075: “Mentor’s” Last Words
076: The Myth of the 2600hz Detector
077: Blue Box Plans (Ye’ olde Favorite)
078: Napalm II
079: Nitroglycerin Recipe
080: Operation: Fuckup
081: Stealing Calls from Payphones
082: Pool Fun (NEW Revision, 4.14)
083: Free Postage
084: Unstable Explosives
085: Weird Drugs
086: The Art of Carding
087: Recognizing Credit Cards
088: How to Get a New Identity
089: Remote Informer Issue #2
090: Remote Informer Issue #3
091: Remote Informer Issue #4
092: Remote Informer Issue #5
093: Phreaker’s Guide to Loop Lines
094: Ma-Bell Tutorial
095: Getting Money out of Pay Phones
096: Computer-based PBX
097: PC-Pursuit Port Statistics
098: Pearl Box Plans
099: The Phreak File
100: Red Box Plans
101: RemObs
102: Scarlet Box Plans
103: Silver Box Plans
104: Bell Trashing
105: Canadian WATS Phonebook
106: Hacking TRW
107: Hacking VAX & UNIX
108: Verification Circuits
109: White Box Plans
110: The BLAST Box
111: Dealing with the Rate & Route Operator
112: Cellular Phone Phreaking
113: Cheesebox Plans
114: How to Start Your Own Conferences
115: Gold Box Plans
116: The History of ESS
117: The Lunch Box
118: Olive Box Plans
119: The Tron Box
120: More TRW Info
121: “Phreaker’s Phunhouse”
122: Phrack Magazine – Vol. 3, Issue 27 (Intro to MIDNET)
123: Phrack Magazine – Vol. 3, Issue 27 (The Making of a Hacker)
124: Phrack Magazine – Vol. 3, Issue 28 (Network Miscellany)
125: Phrack Magazine – Vol. 3, Issue 28 (Pearl Box Schematic)
126: Phrack Magazine – Vol. 3, Issue 28 (Snarfing Remote Files)
127: Phrack Magazine – Vol. 3, Issue 30 (Western Union, Telex,
TWX & Time Service)
128: Phrack Magazine – Vol. 3, Issue 30 (Hacking & Tymnet)
129: Phrack Magazine – Vol. 3, Issue 30 (The DECWRL Mail Gateway)
130: Sodium Chlorate
131: Mercury Fulminate
132: Improvised Black Powder
133: Nitric Acid
134: Dust Bomb Instructions
135: Carbon-Tet Explosive
136: Making Picric Acid from Aspirin
137: Reclamation of RDX from C-4 Explosives
138: Egg-based Gelled Flame Fuels
139: Clothespin Switch
140: Flexible Plate Switch
141: Low Signature Systems (Silencers)
142: Delay Igniter From Cigarette
143: Nicotine
144: Dried Seed Timer
145: Nail Grenade
146: Bell Glossary
147: Phone Dial Locks — How to Beat’em
148: Exchange Scanning
149: A Short History of Phreaking
150: “Secrets of the Little Blue Box” (story)
151: The History of British Phreaking
152: “Bad as Shit” (story)
153: Telenet
154: Fucking with the Operator
155: Phrack Magazine – Vol. 1, Issue 1 (The Phone Preak’s Fry-Um Guide)
156: International Country Code Listing
157: Infinity Transmitter Schematic and Plans
158: LSD
159: Bananas
160: Yummy Marihuana Recipes
161: Peanuts
162: Chemical Fire Bottle
163: Igniter from Book Matches
164: “Red or White Powder” Propellant
165: Pipe Hand Grenade
166: European Credit Card Fraud (Written by Creditman! A
Cookbook IV Recap!!)
167: Potassium Bomb
168: Your Legal Rights (For adults, or some of us think we are)
169: Juvenile Offenders’ Rights
170: Down The Road Missle
171: Fun With ShotGunn Shells
172: Surveillance Equipment
173: Drip Timer
174: Stealing
175: Miscellaneous
176: Shaving cream bomb
177: Ripping off change machines 2
178: Lockpicking the EASY way
179: Anarchy ‘N’ Explosives Prelude
180: Anarchy ‘N’ Explosives Vol. 1
181: Anarchy ‘N’ Explosives Vol. 2
182: Anarchy ‘N’ Explosives Vol. 3
183: Anarchy ‘N’ Explosives Vol. 4
184: Anarchy ‘N’ Explosives Vol. 5
185: Explosives and Propellants
186: Lockpicking 3
187: Chemical Equivalent List 2
188: Nitroglycerin 2
189: Cellulose Nitrate
190: Starter Explosives
191: Flash Powder
192: Exploding Pens
193: Revised Pipe Bombs 4.14
194: * SAFETY * A MUST READ!
195: Ammonium TriIodide
196: Sulfuric Acid / Ammonium Nitrate III
197: Black Powder 3
198: Nitrocellulose
199: R.D.X. (Revised 4.14)
200: The Black Gate BBS
201: ANFOS
202: Picric Acid 2
203: Bottled Explosives
204: Dry Ice
205: Fuses / Ignitors / Delays
206: Film Canister Bombs
207: Book Bombs
208: Phone Bombs
209: Special Ammunition
210: Rocketry
211: Pipe Cannon 2
212: Smoke Bombs 4.14
213: Firecrackers
214: Suppliers II
215: Lab-Raid Checklist
216: Misc. Anarchy
217: LockPicking 4
218: Misc. Anarchy II
219: -* THERMITE 4 *- <– The BEST rev. to 4.14
220: Conclusion

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Windows XP Firewall Bypassing (Registry Based) :- Microsoft Windows XP SP2 comes bundled with a Firewall. Direct access to Firewall’s registry keys allow local attackers to bypass the Firewall blocking list and allow malicious program to connect the network.

Credit :-
The information has been provided by Mark Kica.
The original article can be found at: http://taekwondo-itf.szm.sk/bugg.zip

Vulnerable Systems :-
* Microsoft Windows XP SP2

Windows XP SP2 Firewall has list of allowed program in registry which are not properly protected from modification by a malicious local attacker.

If an attacker adds a new key to the registry address of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\ SharedAccess\Parameters\FirewallPolicy\StandardProfile\ AuthorizedApplications\List, the attacker can enable his malware or Trojan to connect to the Internet without the Firewall triggering a warning.

Proof of Concept :-
Launch the regedit.exe program and access the keys found under the following path:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\ SharedAccess\Parameters\FirewallPolicy\StandardProfile\ AuthorizedApplications\List

Add an entry key such as this one:
Name: C:\chat.exe
Value: C:\chat.exe:*:Enabled:chat
Exploit :-

In all cases, the initial unencrypted data is referred to as plaintext. It is encrypted into ciphertext, which will in turn (usually) be decrypted into usable plaintext using different encryption algorithms.

The Purpose :-
* Authentication : The process of proving one’s identity.
* Privacy/confidentiality : Ensuring that no one can read the message except the intended receiver.
* Integrity : Assuring the receiver that the received message has not been altered in any way from the original.
* Non-repudiation : A mechanism to prove that the sender really sent this message.

In general cryptographic algorithms are classified into three categories as follows :

1) Secret Key Cryptography (SKC) : Uses a single key for both encryption and decryption.
2) Public Key Cryptography (PKC) : Uses one key for encryption and another for decryption.
3) Hash Functions : Uses a mathematical transformation to irreversibly “encrypt” information.

Secret Key Cryptography :- With secret key cryptography, a single key is used for both encryption and decryption. Because a single key is used for both functions, secret key cryptography is also called symmetric encryption.

Secret key cryptography algorithms that are in use today include :

1) Data Encryption Standard (DES) : DES is a block-cipher employing a 56-bit key that operates on 64-bit blocks. DES uses a key of only 56 bits, and thus it is now susceptible to “brute force” attacks.
Triple-DES (3DES) and DESX are the two important variants that strengthen DES.

2) Advanced Encryption Standard (AES ) : The algorithm can use a variable block length and key length; the latest specification allowed any combination of keys lengths of 128, 192, or 256 bits and blocks of length 128, 192, or 256 bits.

3 ) International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) : Secret-key cryptosystem written by Xuejia Lai and James Massey, in 1992 and patented by Ascom; a 64-bit SKC block cipher using a 128-bit key. Also available internationally.

4) Rivest Ciphers : Named for Ron Rivest, a series of SKC algorithms.

RC1 : Designed on paper but never implemented.
RC2 : A 64-bit block cipher using variable-sized keys designed to replace DES. It’s code has not been made public although many companies have licensed RC2 for use in their products. Described in RFC 2268.
RC3 : Found to be breakable during development.
RC4 : A stream cipher using variable-sized keys; it is widely used in commercial cryptography products, although it can only be exported using keys that are 40 bits or less in length.
RC5 : A block-cipher supporting a variety of block sizes, key sizes, and number of encryption passes over the data. Described in RFC 2040.
RC6 : An improvement over RC5, RC6 was one of the AES Round 2 algorithms.

5) Blowfish : A symmetric 64-bit block cipher invented by Bruce Schneier; optimized for 32-bit processors with large data caches, it is significantly faster than DES on a Pentium/PowerPC-class machine. Key lengths can vary from 32 to 448 bits in length. Blowfish, available freely and intended as a substitute for DES or IDEA, is in use in over 80 products.
Public-Key Cryptography :- Generic PKC employs two keys that are mathematically related although knowledge of one key does not allow someone to easily determine the other key. One key is used to encrypt the plaintext and the other key is used to decrypt the ciphertext. No matter which key is applied first, but both the keys are required for the process to work. Because a pair of keys are required, this approach is also called asymmetric cryptography.
In PKC, one of the keys is designated the public key and may be advertised as widely as the owner wants. The other key is designated the private key and is never revealed to another party.

Public-key cryptography algorithms that are in use today for key exchange or digital signatures include :

1) RSA : One of the most popular encryption algorithm, invented in 1977 by three MIT scientists (Ronald Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman)
The key-pair is derived from a very large number, n, that is the product of two prime numbers chosen according to special rules; these primes may be 100 or more digits in length each, yielding an n with roughly twice as many digits as the prime factors. The public key information includes n and a derivative of one of the factors of n; an attacker cannot determine the prime factors of n (and, therefore, the private key) from this information alone and that is what makes the RSA algorithm so secure.

Hash Functions :- Hash functions, also called message digests and one-way encryption, are algorithms that, in some sense, use no key. Instead, a fixed-length hash value is computed based upon the plaintext that makes it impossible for either the contents or length of the plaintext to be recovered. Hash algorithms are typically used to provide a digital fingerprint of a file’s contents, often used to ensure that the file has not been altered by an intruder or virus. Hash functions are also commonly employed by many operating systems to encrypt passwords. Hash functions, then, provide a measure of the integrity of a file.

Hash algorithms that are in common use today include:

1) Message Digest (MD) algorithms : A series of byte-oriented algorithms that produce a 128-bit hash value from an arbitrary-length message.

MD2 : Designed for systems with limited memory, such as smart cards.

MD4 : Developed by Rivest, similar to MD2 but designed specifically for fast processing in software.

MD5 : Also developed by Rivest in 1991 after potential weaknesses were reported in MD4; this scheme is similar to MD4 but is slower because more manipulation is made to the original data.It accepts variable length message from the user and converts it into a fixed 128-bit message digest value.

One interesting and important aspect of the MD5 hash function is that it is a one way algorithm. This means you can produce the 128-bit fingerprint if the data chunk is available to you. You cannot, however, generate the entire data if only the fingerprint of the data is known.

2) Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) : Algorithm for NIST’s Secure Hash Standard (SHS). SHA-1 produces a 160-bit hash value and was originally published as FIPS 180-1 and RFC 3174. FIPS 180-2 describes five algorithms in the SHS: SHA-1 plus SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512 which can produce hash values that are 224, 256, 384, or 512 bits in length, respectively. SHA-224, -256, -384, and -52 are also described in RFC 4634.

3) RIPEMD : A series of message digests that initially came from the RIPE (RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation) project. RIPEMD-160 was designed by Hans Dobbertin, Antoon Bosselaers, and Bart Preneel, and optimized for 32-bit processors to replace the then-current 128-bit hash functions. Other versions include RIPEMD-256, RIPEMD-320, and RIPEMD-128.

4) HAVAL (HAsh of VAriable Length) : Designed by Y. Zheng, J. Pieprzyk and J. Seberry, a hash algorithm with many levels of security. HAVAL can create hash values that are 128, 160, 192, 224, or 256 bits in length.

5) Whirlpool : A relatively new hash function, designed by V. Rijmen and P.S.L.M. Barreto. Whirlpool operates on messages less than 2256 bits in length, and produces a message digest of 512 bits. The design of this hash function is very different than that of MD5 and SHA-1, making it immune to the same attacks as on those hashes.

6) Tiger : Designed by Ross Anderson and Eli Biham, Tiger is designed to be secure, run efficiently on 64-bit processors, and easily replace MD4, MD5, SHA and SHA-1 in other applications. Tiger/192 produces a 192-bit output and is compatible with 64-bit architectures; Tiger/128 and Tiger/160 produce the first 128 and 160 bits, respectively, to provide compatibility with the other hash functions.

1) Trojan :- Trojan is a Remote Administration Tool (RAT) which enable attacker to execute various software and hardware instructions on the target system.

Most trojans consist of two parts -
a) The Server Part :- It has to be installed on the the victim’s computer.
b) The Client Part :- It is installed on attacker’s system. This part gives attacker complete control over target computer.

Netbus, Girlfriend, sub7, Beast, Back Orifice are some of the popular trojans.

2) Keylogger :- Keyloggers are the tools which enable attacker to record all the keystrokes made by victim and send it’s logs secretly to the attacker’s e-mail address which is previously set by him.

Almost all the Trojans have keylogging function.

Use of latest updated antirus-firewall, detect the presence of trojan and remove it permanently.

3) Spyware :- Spyware utilities are the malicious programs that spy on the activities of victim, and covertly pass on the recorded information to the attacker without the victim’s consent. Most spyware utilities monitor and record the victim’s internet-surfing habits. Typically, a spyware tool is built into a host .exe file or utility. If a victim downloads and executes an infected .exe file, then the spyware becomes active on the victim’s system.
Spyware tools can be hidden both in .exe files an even ordinary cookie files.
Most spyware tools are created and released on the internet with the aim of collecting useful information about a large number of Internet users for marketing and advertising purposes. On many occasions, attacker also use spyware tools for corporate espionage and spying purposes.

4) Sniffer :- Sniffers were originally developed as a tool for debugging/troubleshooting network problems.
The Ethernet based sniffer works with network interface card (NIC) to capture interprete and save the data packets sent across the network.
Sniffer can turn out to be quite dangerous. If an attacker manages to install a sniffer on your system or the router of your network, then all data including passwords, private messages, company secrets, etc. get captured.

1) Ping Of Death :- The ping of death attack sends oversized ICMP datagrams (encapsulated in IP packets) to the victim.The Ping command makes use of the ICMP echo request and echo reply messages and it’s commonly used to determine whether the remote host is alive. In a ping of death attack, however, ping causes the remote system to hang, reboot or crash. To do so the attacker uses, the ping command in conjuction with -l argument (used to specify the size of the packet sent) to ping the target system that exceeds the maximum bytes allowed by TCP/IP (65,536).
example:- c:/>ping -l 65540 hostname
Fortunately, nearly all operating systems these days are not vulnerable to the ping of death attack.

2) Teardrop Attack :- Whenever data is sent over the internet, it is broken into fragments at the source system and reassembled at the destination system. For example you need to send 3,000 bytes of data from one system to another. Rather than sending the entire chunk in asingle packet, the data is broken down into smaller packets as given below:
* packet 1 will carry bytes 1-1000.
* packet 2 will carry bytes 1001-2000.
* packet 3 will carry bytes 2001-3000.
In teardrop attack, however, the data packets sent to the target computer contais bytes that overlaps with each other.
(bytes 1-1500) (bytes 1001-2000) (bytes 1500-2500)
When the target system receives such a series of packets, it can not reassemble the data and therefore will crash, hang, or reboot.
Old Linux systems, Windows NT/95 are vulnerable.

3) SYN – Flood Attack :- In SYN flooding attack, several SYN packets are sent to the target host, all with an invalid source IP address. When the target system receives these SYN packets, it tries to respond to each one with a SYN/ACK packet but as all the source IP addresses are invalid the target system goes into wait state for ACK message to receive from source. Eventually, due to large number of connection requests, the target systems’ memory is consumed. In order to actually affect the target system, a large number of SYN packets with invalid IP addresses must be sent.

4) Land Attack :- A land attack is similar to SYN attack, the only difference being that instead of including an invalid IP address, the SYN packet include the IP address of the target sysetm itself. As a result an infinite loop is created within the target system, which ultimately hangs and crashes.Windows NT before Service Pack 4 are vulnerable to this attack.

5) Smurf Attack :- There are 3 players in the smurf attack–the attacker,the intermediary (which can also be a victim) and the victim. In most scenarios the attacker spoofs the IP source address as the IP of the intended victim to the intermediary network broadcast address. Every host on the intermediary network replies, flooding the victim and the intermediary network with network traffic.
Result:- Performance may be degraded such that the victim, the victim and intermediary networks become congested and unusable, i.e. clogging the network and preventing legitimate users from obtaining network services.

6) UDP – Flood Attack :- Two UDP services: echo (which echos back any character received) and chargen (which generates character) were used in the past for network testing and are enabled by default on most systems. These services can be used to launch a DOS by connecting the chargen to echo ports on the same or another machine and generating large amounts of network traffic.

7) Distributed Denial Of Service (DDoS) :- In Distributed DoS attack, there are 100 or more different attackers (systems) attacking the single system. Due to higher number of attackers DDoS attack is more effective and dangerous than regular DoS attack. The attackers have control over master zombies, which, in turn, have control over slave zombies, as shown in figure.

No system connected to the internet is safe from DDoS attacks. All platforms, including Unix and Windows NT, are vulnerable to such attacks. Even Mac OS machines have been used to conduct DDoS attacks.

The most popular DDoS tools are:-

a) Trin00 (WinTrinoo)
b) Tribe Flood Network (TFN) (TFN2k)
c) Shaft
d) Stacheldraht
e) MStream

8) Distributed Denial Of Service with Reflectors (DRDoS) :- In DRDoS attacks the army of the attacker consists of master zombies, slave zombies, and reflectors. The difference in this type of attack is that slave zombies are led by master zombies to send a stream of packets with the victim’s IP address as the source IP address to other uninfected machines (known as reflectors), exhorting these machines to connect with the victim. Then the reflectors send the victim a greater volume of traffic, as a reply to its exhortation for the opening of a new connection, because they believe that the victim was the host that asked for it. Therefore, in DRDoS attacks, the attack is mounted by noncompromised machines, which mount the attack without being aware of the action.

a DRDoS attack creates a greater volume of traffic because of its more distributed nature, as shown in the figure below.

1) Stations and Access Points :- A wireless network interface card (adapter) is a device, called a station, providing the network physical layer over a radio link to another station.
An access point (AP) is a station that provides frame distribution service to stations associated with it.
The AP itself is typically connected by wire to a LAN. Each AP has a 0 to 32 byte long Service Set Identifier (SSID) that is also commonly called a network name. The SSID is used to segment the airwaves for usage.

2) Channels :- The stations communicate with each other using radio frequencies between 2.4 GHz and 2.5 GHz. Neighboring channels are only 5 MHz apart. Two wireless networks using neighboring channels may interfere with each other.

3) Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) :- It is a shared-secret key encryption system used to encrypt packets transmitted between a station and an AP. The WEP algorithm is intended to protect wireless communication from eavesdropping. A secondary function of WEP is to prevent unauthorized access to a wireless network. WEP encrypts the payload of data packets. Management and control frames are always transmitted in the clear. WEP uses the RC4 encryption algorithm.

4) Wireless Network Sniffing :- Sniffing is eavesdropping on the network. A (packet) sniffer is a program that intercepts and decodes network traffic broadcast through a medium. It is easier to sniff wireless networks than wired ones. Sniffing can also help find the easy kill as in scanning for open access points that allow anyone to connect, or capturing the passwords used in a connection session that does not even use WEP, or in telnet, rlogin and ftp connections.

5 ) Passive Scanning :- Scanning is the act of sniffing by tuning to various radio channels of the devices. A passive network scanner instructs the wireless card to listen to each channel for a few messages. This does not reveal the presence of the scanner. An attacker can passively scan without transmitting at all.

6) Detection of SSID :- The attacker can discover the SSID of a network usually by passive scanning because the SSID occurs in the following frame types: Beacon, Probe Requests, Probe Responses, Association Requests, and Reassociation Requests. Recall that management frames are always in the clear, even when WEP is enabled.
When the above methods fail, SSID discovery is done by active scanning

7) Collecting the MAC Addresses :- The attacker gathers legitimate MAC addresses for use later in constructing spoofed frames. The source and destination MAC addresses are always in the clear in all the frames.

8) Collecting the Frames for Cracking WEP :- The goal of an attacker is to discover the WEP shared-secret key. The attacker sniffs a large number of frames An example of a WEP cracking tool is AirSnort ( http://airsnort.shmoo.com ).

9) Detection of the Sniffers :- Detecting the presence of a wireless sniffer, who remains radio-silent, through network security measures is virtually impossible. Once the attacker begins probing (i.e., by injecting packets), the presence and the coordinates of the wireless device can be detected.

10) Wireless Spoofing :- There are well-known attack techniques known as spoofing in both wired and wireless networks. The attacker constructs frames by filling selected fields that contain addresses or identifiers with legitimate looking but non-existent values, or with values that belong to others. The attacker would have collected these legitimate values through sniffing.

11) MAC Address Spoofing :- The attacker generally desires to be hidden. But the probing activity injects frames that are observable by system administrators. The attacker fills the Sender MAC Address field of the injected frames with a spoofed value so that his equipment is not identified.

12) IP spoofing :- Replacing the true IP address of the sender (or, in rare cases, the destination) with a different address is known as IP spoofing. This is a necessary operation in many attacks.

13) Frame Spoofing :- The attacker will inject frames that are valid but whose content is carefully spoofed.

14) Wireless Network Probing :- The attacker then sends artificially constructed packets to a target that trigger useful responses. This activity is known as probing or active scanning.

15) AP Weaknesses :- APs have weaknesses that are both due to design mistakes and user interfaces

16) Trojan AP :- An attacker sets up an AP so that the targeted station receives a stronger signal from it than what it receives from a legitimate AP.

17) Denial of Service :- A denial of service (DoS) occurs when a system is not providing services to authorized clients because of resource exhaustion by unauthorized clients. In wireless networks, DoS attacks are difficult to prevent, difficult to stop. An on-going attack and the victim and its clients may not even detect the attacks. The duration of such DoS may range from milliseconds to hours. A DoS attack against an individual station enables session hijacking.

18) Jamming the Air Waves :- A number of consumer appliances such as microwave ovens, baby monitors, and cordless phones operate on the unregulated 2.4GHz radio frequency. An attacker can unleash large amounts of noise using these devices and jam the airwaves so that the signal to noise drops so low, that the wireless LAN ceases to function.

19) War Driving :- Equipped with wireless devices and related tools, and driving around in a vehicle or parking at interesting places with a goal of discovering easy-to-get-into wireless networks is known as war driving. War-drivers (http://www.wardrive.net) define war driving as “The benign act of locating and logging wireless access points while in motion.” This benign act is of course useful to the attackers.
Regardless of the protocols, wireless networks will remain potentially insecure because an attacker can listen in without gaining physical access.

Tips for Wireless Home Network Security

1) Change Default Administrator Passwords (and Usernames)
2) Turn on (Compatible) WPA / WEP Encryption
3) Change the Default SSID
4) Disable SSID Broadcast
5) Assign Static IP Addresses to Devices
6) Enable MAC Address Filtering
7) Turn Off the Network During Extended Periods of Non-Use
8) Position the Router or Access Point Safely